Background and Aim: Heart failure is a chronic disease that affects the physical and psychological aspects of life. Psychological ADAPTATION of patients needs follow-up and training. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational PROGRAM based on Roy ADAPTATION model on the psychological ADAPTATION in patients with heart failure.Materials and Methods: This clinical randomized trial was performed on 60 patients with heart failure admitted in Vali-e-Asr Hospital and Heart Research Center in Birjand in 2013. The patients were selected through the convenience sampling and randomly allocated to an intervention group and a control group (30 individuals in each group). The data was collected using Roy assessment form and Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38) whose reliability are confirmed in previous studies. The content validity of the Mental Health Inventory was first confirmed. Later, in order to check for its reliability, it was given to 20 individuals for which Chronbach's alpha was 0.91. The intervention group received an educational PROGRAM based on maladaptive behavior and stimuli which was followed by a follow-up period of one month. The control group received the regular service. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 15) using independent t test, paired t test, Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon, Fisher Exact Test, and Chi square.Results: Mean scores for maladaptive behaviors and the number of maladaptive behaviors showed no significant differences before the intervention, while the difference was significant after the intervention in the two groups (p<0.001). In the intervention group, the dimensions that had significant decrease included physiological (p<0.001), self-concept (p<0.001), interdependence (p<0.004), and role function (p<0.001). The psychological ADAPTATION scores mean significantly increased in the intervention group (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the control group in the different dimensions (p>0.05).Conclusion: Using an educational PROGRAM based on Roy ADAPTATION model can be effective on the psychological ADAPTATION and reduction of maladaptive behaviors in patients with heart failure. In this regard, nurses can play a more effective role in improving the psychological ADAPTATION of patients using the educational PROGRAM.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of facility ADAPTATION promotion PROGRAM on self-esteem, depression, relationship, life satisfaction, and ADAPTATION to facility of Korean older adults in nursing home. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed. Study participants were a total of 73 older adults aged 65 yr and older (Experimental: n=36, Control: n=37) who were living at nursing home in Seoul, South Korea in 2016. They were recruited through convenient sampling. Measures were Selfesteem scale, Korean Geriatric Depression Scale, Relationship Change Scale, life satisfaction scale, and facility ADAPTATION scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21. 0 with descriptive statistics, the Chi-squared test, and independent t-test. Results: Facility ADAPTATION promotion PROGRAM increased self-esteem (t=19. 067, P<0. 001), relationship (t=24. 533, P<0. 001), life satisfaction (t=16. 501, P<0. 001), and ADAPTATION to facility (t=24. 328, P<0. 001), and decreased depression (t=14. 491, P<0. 001) of Korean older adults in nursing home. Conclusion: Facility ADAPTATION promotion PROGRAM can be implied for improving self-esteem, relationship, life satisfaction, and ADAPTATION to facility, and for decreasing depression of Korean older adults in nursing home.

Background: PROGRAMs that focus on positive parenting have been shown to improve parental attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors, and increase parent and child bonding. These PROGRAMs are typically conducted in a closed group format. However, when individual or community needs are more immediate, PROGRAMmers sometimes opt for an open group format. To determine the effectiveness of this ADAPTATION to an open group format, the present study compared both groups on parental outcomes.Methods: Both closed and open group formats were offered and implemented between January 2009 and December 2012. Participants for both formats were recruited through similar means and the format placement for each family was determined by the immediacy of the need for an intervention, the time lapse until a new cycle would begin, and scheduling flexibility. Chi Square analyses were conducted to determine demographic differences between the two groups and gain scores were calculated from the pre and post-test AAPI-2 scales within a mixed MANOVA to determine group format effectiveness.Results: Though open groups contained higher risk families; parental out-come improvements were significant for both groups. All participants, regardless of group membership, demonstrated the same statistically significant improvements following completion of the PROGRAM.Conclusion: Findings provide support for adapting group formats when necessary to fit community and individual needs.

Introduction: Type II diabetes, as a chronic disease with various side-effects, can challenge the psychosocial ADAPTATION of patients. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of an educational PROGRAM based on Roy’s ADAPTATION model on the psychosocial ADAPTATION of type II diabetic patients in Birjand, Iran in 2013.Methodology: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 patients with type II diabetes, aged 30-70 years, were selected via convenience sampling among patients referred to a diabetes clinic in Birjand. The subjects were assigned to the intervention and control groups via block randomization. First, the demographic form and psychosocial adjustment to illness scale (PAIS) were completed by the two groups. In addition, Roy’s assessment form was completed by the intervention group. The maladaptive behaviors of patients were determined and the PROGRAM curriculum was designed. Group training was carried out in eight sessions, while face-to-face training was performed in two sessions. The patients were followed-up for one month via phone calls. For data analysis, independent t-test, paired t-test, and covariance analysis were performed, using SPSS version 15.Results: Following the intervention, there was a significant decline in the mean scores of all domains of psychosocial ADAPTATION, i.e., disease perception, vocational environment, domestic environment, family relations, social environment, and psychological distress (P<0.05), with the exception of sexual relationship (P=0.66). In the control group, only the mean score of domestic environment significantly increased after the study, compared to the baseline (P=0.002).Conclusion: The present results indicated the major positive impact of training based on Roy’s ADAPTATION model on type II diabetic patients. In fact, given the changing condition of diabetes, improvement of different aspects of psychosocial ADAPTATION can result in the management of maladaptive behaviors and improvement of patient ADAPTATION. Regarding the cost-effective and non-invasive design of Roy’s ADAPTATION model, it can be incorporated as an effective tool for the analysis of type II diabetic patients.

Background and Aims: Overlapping of the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth in the panoramic radiography is a major concern. Therefore, an option has been developed in the panoramic unit of Planmeca Promax, namely improved interproximal mode. This mode causes lower horizental angle with the teeth contact region during the unit rotation decreasing overlapping of the panoramic images of the posterior teeth especially premolar teeth. The present study was done to compare the overlapping of posterior teeth using two techniques of improved interproximal panoramic PROGRAM and standard panoramic.Materials and Methods: In this diagnostic study, 32 patients requiring panoramic radiographies at their posterior teeth during their routine diagnosis and treatment process with the mean age of 27.3 years were participated. No patients showed crowding of posterior teeth or missed and restored posterior teeth. The participants' panoramic radiographies were randomly taken by two techniques of improved interproximal panoramic and standard panoramic using Planmeca Promax device. The overlapping of the panoramic images was blindly assessed by an oral radiologist. The overlapping in both techniques was reported by frequency and percentage. The comparisons were done by Chi-square test between two techniques and the odds ratio of overlapping was estimated using regression analysis.Results: In standard panoramic techniques, 38.5% (148 contacts of 384 contacts) of the proximal surfaces overlapped while the overlapping of the proximal surfaces was observed in 18.8% (72 contacts of 384 overall contacts) in improved interproximal technique. Significant differences were noted between two techniques regarding overlapping (P<0.001). Also 66.4% and 39.1% of 4-5 teeth contacts overlapped in standard and improved techniques. The values were reported to be 39.1% and 12.5% in contacts of 5-6 teeth and 10.2% and 4.7% in the contacts of 6-7 teeth in both techniques, respectively. The overlapping odds ratio in improved technique as compared to standard techniques was 2.72 more. While the odds ratio of overlapping in the contact regions of 4-5 and 5-6 teeth was 16.4 and 4.61 as compared to the contact region of 6-7 teeth (all: P<0.001). The lower or upper jaw with the patients' mouth side did not significantly influence the overlapping of the proximal surfaces in both panoramic techniques.Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study, improved interproximal panoramic significantly reduced the overlapping of proximal surfaces in the panoramic radiographies of posterior teeth as compared to the standard panoramic technique. Therefore, it can be used to detect proximal caries in the posterior teeth as a diagnostic tool. Using this option may affect other part of panoramic image which should be investigated in other research.

Climate change is a phenomenon that is caused by the increase in the concentration of green-house gases in the atmosphere and its effects on the meteorological and environmental patterns, and has caused things such as temperature increase, frequent droughts, decrease in rainfall, sudden floods, and changes in wind and humidity patterns. The importance of climate change for Iran is great; Because the country is facing problems such as continuous droughts, reduction of water reserves, and negative effects on agriculture and economy. The main challenges of these changes include the lack of specific plans and limited infrastructure to implement adapta-tion PROGRAMs, political and administrative issues, and lack of community awareness about climate change. Coordinated decisions and cooperation with other countries and international institutions also create other challenges. In this research, based on the (Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) DPSIR framework, the existing situation has been analyzed, concrete examples related to it have been mentioned, and finally, the framework of the national climate change ADAPTATION PROGRAM has been presented. The framework of the proposed national cli-mate change ADAPTATION PROGRAM titled Determining the position, Preparation and action, Im-plementation of strategies, and Monitoring, evaluation and rehabilitation (DPIM), includes 4 main parts: 1- Position determination, 2- Preparation and action, 3- Implementation of strate-gies, and 4- Monitoring, evaluation, and rehabilitation with a total of 16 executive steps.

Background: One of the effective nursing measures for enhancing the quality of life (QOL) and ADAPTATION of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is the use of Roy’, s ADAPTATION model (RAM). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of a training PROGRAM based on Roy’, s ADAPTATION model on the ADAPTATION of patients undergoing CABG. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of Imam Khomeini Hospital and Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran, in 2020. Patients were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. A four-session training PROGRAM based on RAM was held for the intervention group. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 22. Results: The mean scores of physiological, self-concept, role function, and independence and interdependence dimensions in the experimental group before the intervention were 48. 76 (6. 36), 23. 76 (4. 10), 19. 60 (2. 93), and 25. 60 (3. 54), respectively. After the intervention, the mean scores in the mentioned dimensions were 101. 26 (5. 23), 50. 80 (3. 82), 39. 10 (4. 15), and 25. 47 (3. 99), respectively, indicating an upward trend (P < 0. 05). Also, the mean score of total ADAPTATION before the intervention was 117. 73 (12. 00), which rose to 216. 63 (7. 88) after the intervention (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: The results showed that RAM plays an important role in the ADAPTATION of patients undergoing CABG surgery. Thus, this model can provide a suitable framework for examining and providing care for patients undergoing CABG in ICUs.